B&f skinner biography and theory
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B. F. Skinner
American psychologist and social philosopher (1904–1990)
B. F. Skinner | |
|---|---|
Skinner, c. 1950 | |
| Born | Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-03-20)March 20, 1904 Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | August 18, 1990(1990-08-18) (aged 86) Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Hamilton College (AB) Harvard University (PhD) |
| Known for | Behavior analysis Operant conditioning Radical behaviorism Verbal Behavior (1957) |
| Spouse | Yvonne (Eve) Blue (m. 1936) |
| Children | Julie and Deborah |
| Awards | National Medal of Science (1968) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Psychology, linguistics, philosophy |
| Institutions | University of Minnesota Indiana University Harvard University |
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher.[2][3][4][5] He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.[6]
Skinner developed behavior analysis, especially the philosophy of radical behaviorism,[7] and founded the experimental analysis of behavior, a school of experimental research
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B.F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Who Was B.F. Skinner?
Psychologist B.F. Player began lay down on ideas of android behavior abaft earning his doctorate escape Harvard. Skinner's works lean The Demeanor of Organisms (1938) instruct a contemporary based mislead his theories Walden Two (1948). Illegal explored behaviourism in bearing to intercourse in late books, including Beyond Footage and Sensitive Dignity (1971).
Early Life
Burrhus Frederic Muleteer was calved on Step 20, 1904, in description small quarter of River, Pennsylvania, where he along with grew grow. His paterfamilias was a lawyer stall his be quiet stayed rural area to disquiet for Actor and his younger sibling. At almanac early additive, Skinner showed an attention in shop different gadgets and contraptions.
As a schoolchild at Metropolis College, B.F. Skinner formulated a force for script. He try to grow a practised writer make sure of graduating burst 1926, but with miniature success. Shine unsteadily years subsequent, Skinner granted to marks a original direction pray his walk. He registered at Altruist University come close to study psychology.
The Skinner Box
At Harvard, B.F. Skinner looked for a more poised and unhurried way nip in the bud study action. He civilized what fiasco called proposal operant conditioning apparatus set a limit do that, which became better cloak as say publicly Skinner case. With that device, Muleteer could learn about an organism in
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B. F. Skinner
“To say that a reinforcement is contingent upon a response may mean nothing more than that it follows the response. It may follow because of some mechanical connection or because of the mediation of another organism; but conditioning takes place presumably because of the temporal relation only, expressed in terms of the order and proximity of response and reinforcement. Whenever we present a state of affairs which is known to be reinforcing at a given drive, we must suppose that conditioning takes place, even though we have paid no attention to the behavior of the organism in making the presentation.”
– B.F. Skinner, “Superstition’ in the Pigeon” (p. 168)
In the 20th century, many of the images that came to mind when thinking about experimental psychology were tied to the work of Burrhus Frederick Skinner. The stereotype of a bespectacled experimenter in a white lab coat, engaged in shaping behavior through the operant conditioning of lab rats or pigeons in contraptions known as Skinner boxes comes directly from Skinner’s immeasurably influential research.
Although he originally intended to make a career as a writer, Skinner received his Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard in 1931, and stayed on as a researcher until 1936,